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Part 1 |
IN the literature of all countries there will be found a certain number of works treating especially of
love. Everywhere the subject is dealt with differently, and from various points of view. In the
present publication it is proposed to give a complete translation of what is considered the standard
work on love in Sanscrit literature, and which is called the `Vatsyayana Kama Sutra', or Aphorisms
on Love, by Vatsyayana.
While the introduction will deal with the evidence concerning the date of the writing, and the
commentaries written upon it, the chapters following the introduction will give a translation of the
work itself. It is, however, advisable to furnish here a brief analysis of works of the same nature,
prepared by authors who lived and wrote years after Vatsyayana had passed away, but who still
considered him as the great authority, and always quoted him as the chief guide to Hindoo erotic
literature.
Besides the treatise of Vatsyayana the following works on the same subject are procurable in India:
The Ratirahasya, or secrets of love
The Panchasakya, or the five arrows
The Smara Pradipa, or the light of love
The Ratimanjari, or the garland of love
The Rasmanjari, or the sprout of love
The Anunga Runga, or the stage of love; also called Kamaledhiplava, or a boat in the ocean
of love.
The author of the `Secrets of Love' was a poet named Kukkoka. He composed his work to please
one Venudutta, who was perhaps a king. When writing his own name at the end of each chapter he
calls himself `Siddha patiya pandita', i.e. an ingenious man among learned men. The work was
translated into Hindi years ago, and in this the author's name was written as Koka. And as the same
name crept into all the translations into other languages in India, the book became generally known,
and the subject was popularly called Koka Shastra, or doctrines of Koka, which is identical with the
Kama Shastra, or doctrines of love, and the words Koka Shastra and Kama Shastra are used
indiscriminately.
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